79 research outputs found
Gap Junction Mediated miRNA Intercellular Transfer and Gene Regulation: A Novel Mechanism for Intercellular Genetic Communication
Intercellular genetic communication is an essential requirement for coordination of cell proliferation and differentiation and has an important role in many cellular processes. Gap junction channels possess large pore allowing passage of ions and small molecules between cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that can regulate gene expression broadly. Here, we report that miRNAs can pass through gap junction channels in a connexin-dependent manner. Connexin43 (Cx43) had higher permeability, whereas Cx30 showed little permeability to miRNAs. In the tested connexin cell lines, the permeability to miRNAs demonstrated: Cx43 \u3e Cx26/30 \u3e Cx26 \u3e Cx31 \u3e Cx30 = Cx-null. However, consistent with a uniform structure of miRNAs, there was no significant difference in permeability to different miRNAs. The passage is efficient; the miRNA level in the recipient cells could be up to 30% of the donor level. Moreover, the transferred miRNA is functional and could regulate gene expression in neighboring cells. Connexin mutation and gap junctional blockers could eliminate this miRNA intercellular transfer and gene regulation. These data reveal a novel mechanism for intercellular genetic communication. Given that connexin expression is cell-specific, this connexin-dependent, miRNA intercellular genetic communication may play an important role in synchronizing and coordinating proliferation and differentiation of specific cell types during multicellular organ development
A Novel Unsupervised Graph Wavelet Autoencoder for Mechanical System Fault Detection
Reliable fault detection is an essential requirement for safe and efficient
operation of complex mechanical systems in various industrial applications.
Despite the abundance of existing approaches and the maturity of the fault
detection research field, the interdependencies between condition monitoring
data have often been overlooked. Recently, graph neural networks have been
proposed as a solution for learning the interdependencies among data, and the
graph autoencoder (GAE) architecture, similar to standard autoencoders, has
gained widespread use in fault detection. However, both the GAE and the graph
variational autoencoder (GVAE) have fixed receptive fields, limiting their
ability to extract multiscale features and model performance. To overcome these
limitations, we propose two graph neural network models: the graph wavelet
autoencoder (GWAE), and the graph wavelet variational autoencoder (GWVAE). GWAE
consists mainly of the spectral graph wavelet convolutional (SGWConv) encoder
and a feature decoder, while GWVAE is the variational form of GWAE. The
developed SGWConv is built upon the spectral graph wavelet transform which can
realize multiscale feature extraction by decomposing the graph signal into one
scaling function coefficient and several spectral graph wavelet coefficients.
To achieve unsupervised mechanical system fault detection, we transform the
collected system signals into PathGraph by considering the neighboring
relationships of each data sample. Fault detection is then achieved by
evaluating the reconstruction errors of normal and abnormal samples. We carried
out experiments on two condition monitoring datasets collected from fuel
control systems and one acoustic monitoring dataset from a valve. The results
show that the proposed methods improve the performance by around 3%~4% compared
to the comparison methods
Entropy Measures in Machine Fault Diagnosis: Insights and Applications
Entropy, as a complexity measure, has been widely applied for time series analysis. One preeminent example is the design of machine condition monitoring and industrial fault diagnostic systems.
The occurrence of failures in a machine will typically lead to non-linear characteristics in the measurements, caused by instantaneous variations, which can increase the complexity in the system response. Entropy measures are suitable to quantify such dynamic changes in the underlying process, distinguishing between different system conditions.
However, notions of entropy are defined differently in various contexts (e.g., information theory and dynamical systems theory), which may confound researchers in the applied sciences. In this paper, we have systematically reviewed the theoretical development of some fundamental entropy measures and clarified the relations among them. Then, typical entropy-based applications of machine fault diagnostic systems are summarized. Further, insights into possible applications of the entropy measures are explained, as to where and how these measures can be useful towards future data-driven fault diagnosis methodologies. Finally, potential research trends in this area are discussed, with the intent of improving online entropy estimation and expanding its applicability to a wider range of intelligent fault diagnostic systems
Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on CEEMD and Time Series Modeling
Accurately identifying faults in rolling bearing systems by analyzing vibration signals, which are often nonstationary, is challenging. To address this issue, a new approach based on complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) and time series modeling is proposed in this paper. This approach seeks to identify faults appearing in a rolling bearing system using proper autoregressive (AR) model established from the nonstationary vibration signal. First, vibration signals measured from a rolling bearing test system with different defect conditions are decomposed into a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by means of the CEEMD method. Second, vibration signals are filtered with calculated filtering parameters. Third, the IMF which is closely correlated to the filtered signal is selected according to the correlation coefficient between the filtered signal and each IMF, and then the AR model of the selected IMF is established. Subsequently, the AR model parameters are considered as the input feature vectors, and the hidden Markov model (HMM) is used to identify the fault pattern of a rolling bearing. Experimental study performed on a bearing test system has shown that the presented approach can accurately identify faults in rolling bearings
Filter-informed Spectral Graph Wavelet Networks for Multiscale Feature Extraction and Intelligent Fault Diagnosis
Intelligent fault diagnosis has been increasingly improved with the evolution
of deep learning (DL) approaches. Recently, the emerging graph neural networks
(GNNs) have also been introduced in the field of fault diagnosis with the goal
to make better use of the inductive bias of the interdependencies between the
different sensor measurements. However, there are some limitations with these
GNN-based fault diagnosis methods. First, they lack the ability to realize
multiscale feature extraction due to the fixed receptive field of GNNs.
Secondly, they eventually encounter the over-smoothing problem with increase of
model depth. Lastly, the extracted features of these GNNs are hard to
understand owing to the black-box nature of GNNs. To address these issues, a
filter-informed spectral graph wavelet network (SGWN) is proposed in this
paper. In SGWN, the spectral graph wavelet convolutional (SGWConv) layer is
established upon the spectral graph wavelet transform, which can decompose a
graph signal into scaling function coefficients and spectral graph wavelet
coefficients. With the help of SGWConv, SGWN is able to prevent the
over-smoothing problem caused by long-range low-pass filtering, by
simultaneously extracting low-pass and band-pass features. Furthermore, to
speed up the computation of SGWN, the scaling kernel function and graph wavelet
kernel function in SGWConv are approximated by the Chebyshev polynomials. The
effectiveness of the proposed SGWN is evaluated on the collected solenoid valve
dataset and aero-engine intershaft bearing dataset. The experimental results
show that SGWN can outperform the comparative methods in both diagnostic
accuracy and the ability to prevent over-smoothing. Moreover, its extracted
features are also interpretable with domain knowledge
Aero-Engine Fault Diagnosis Using Improved Local Discriminant Bases and Support Vector Machine
This paper presents an effective approach for aero-engine fault diagnosis with focus on rub-impact, through combination of improved local discriminant bases (LDB) with support vector machine (SVM). The improved LDB algorithm, using both the normalized energy difference and the relative entropy as quantification measures, is applied to choose the optimal set of orthogonal subspaces for wavelet packet transform- (WPT-) based signal decomposition. Then two optimal sets of orthogonal subspaces have been obtained and the energy features extracted from those subspaces appearing in both sets will be selected as input to a SVM classifier to diagnose aero-engine faults. Experiment studies conducted on an aero-engine rub-impact test system have verified the effectiveness of the proposed approach for classifying working conditions of aero-engines
WaveletKernelNet: An Interpretable Deep Neural Network for Industrial Intelligent Diagnosis
Convolutional neural network (CNN), with ability of feature learning and
nonlinear mapping, has demonstrated its effectiveness in prognostics and health
management (PHM). However, explanation on the physical meaning of a CNN
architecture has rarely been studied. In this paper, a novel wavelet driven
deep neural network termed as WaveletKernelNet (WKN) is presented, where a
continuous wavelet convolutional (CWConv) layer is designed to replace the
first convolutional layer of the standard CNN. This enables the first CWConv
layer to discover more meaningful filters. Furthermore, only the scale
parameter and translation parameter are directly learned from raw data at this
CWConv layer. This provides a very effective way to obtain a customized filter
bank, specifically tuned for extracting defect-related impact component
embedded in the vibration signal. In addition, three experimental verification
using data from laboratory environment are carried out to verify effectiveness
of the proposed method for mechanical fault diagnosis. The results show the
importance of the designed CWConv layer and the output of CWConv layer is
interpretable. Besides, it is found that WKN has fewer parameters, higher fault
classification accuracy and faster convergence speed than standard CNN
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